Comparative Studies on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Foams Derived from Bio-Based Polyols

The production of bio-based polyurethane foam (PUF) is a difficult process that necessitates substantial research. This paper describes the synthesis of PUFs from polyol derived from petroleum, castor oil, and shea butter fat. Polyurethane foams were produced in a single step using similar compositions of polyols, surfactant, catalyst, and isocyanate. The different polyol sources had an impact on the physico-mechanical properties of petroleum castor oil polyurethane foam (PPF), castor oil polyurethane foam (COPF), and Shea butter fat polyurethane foam (SBFPUF). In terms of isocyanate-water reaction and swelling time, SBFPF outperforms COPF in cream and gel time. SBPF absorbed more water and had a larger apparent density than COPE. The high water absorption values in this study imply heavily cross-linked and complex foam formations with low impermeability. SBPF has greater tensile and compression strengths than COPF; however, COPF has better oil absorption and wear/abrasion resistance than SBPF. Castor oil-derived polyols had a greater impact on the oil absorption of polyurethane foams (PUFs) than SBF-polyols. Castor oil and SBF polyols, on the other hand, had comparable wear and abrasion effects. The increased compressive and tensile strengths of the foam demonstrate its load-bearing capability. The different sources of the polyols had a significant impact on the PUF alterations. Insulation, packaging, refrigeration, and other materials use castor oil and SBF polyurethane foams (PUFs). These foams' physico-mechanical properties make them appropriate for a variety of applications.