Assessment of Some Biochemical Oxidative Stress Markers in Type II Diabetics and Non-diabetics with Chronic Periodontitis

Aims: Comparative assessment of some biochemical oxidative stress markers in Type II diabetics and non-diabetics with chronic periodontitis.

Study Design: The cross sectional study groups were clinically evaluated and their biochemical parameters were assessed and statistically compared.

Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Biochemistry and Dentistry, Grant Medical College and Sir J J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India, between May 2010 and July 2012.

Methodology: 168 individuals with generalized chronic periodontitis (CAL ≥ 3 mm; American Academy of Periodontology criteria) were divided them into non-diabetics (F Glucose ≤ 5.5 mmol/L; CP group, n = 86) and diabetics (F Glucose ≥ 7 mmol/L; WHO criteria, CPDM group, n = 82). The diabetic status was ascertained by measuring the Fasting plasma glucose (F Glucose). Apparently healthy individuals (CAL ≤ 3 mm and F Glucose ≤ 5.5 mmol/L; C group, n = 120) were recruited as controls. The periodontal status for the control and the aforementioned study groups was evaluated by measuring gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). The biochemical oxidative stress markers namely total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), vitamin C, malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated.

Results: The clinical periodontal parameters were significantly (p≤0.05) higher in CPDM than CP, and both the diseased group v/s controls. The biochemical markers also showed similar trend as that of clinical parameters. TAC, GPx, vitamin C got significantly reduced and SOD, whereas, MDA got significantly increased.

Conclusion: The individuals with diabetes and chronic periodontitis may be at a higher risk of oral and systemic oxidative stress damage compared to non-diabetic with chronic periodontitis.